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Synthesis and Applications of Cellulose Sulfates
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-01) Munasinghe,Rajika
Cellulose is the most naturally abundant renewable polymer with the formula (C6 H10 O5 )n , n ranging from 10,000 to 15,000. The monomer of cellulose biopolymer is anhydroglucose unit (AGU) and it has three hydroxyl groups (Figure 1(a)).
Riboswitches as Therapeutics Targets
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-01) Dhanushika,T
Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to control the production of specific gene products. It has long been recognized that organisms make extensive use of protein based control systems to regulate gene expression. In eukaryotes, the networks of protein signaling and gene control factors are very complex, where numerous factors typically work together to influence transcription, translation, mRNA processing/degradation and other mechanisms that control the levels of gene products in a cell
Role of Chemistry in Personalized Medicine
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-01) Elvitigala,Anushka
Wellbeing of a person is a crucial factor in life which facilitates the performance of his or her day to day routine work in well-organized manner. However, it is a known fact that we all get sick and we need to take suitable medicines accordingly, as prescribed by clinicians. Even though millions of people are taking medications daily, they are found to be effective only on a part of the population who use them. Some drugs, such as ‘statins’ which are frequently used to lower cholesterol are known to be effective only on 1 in 50 patients.
Photochemical Water Reduction by Organic Hydrides
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-01) Walpita,Janitha
Increasing concerns on anthropogenic climate change, skyrocketing global energy needs, and depletion of fossil fuels have made the discovery of alternative carbon-neutral and sustainable energy sources, one of the most urgent challenges in the scientific community. Among many renewable energy sources, solar energy stands out as the most promising candidate since it is the highest exploitable resource, delivering more energy in one hour to the earth surface than the amount of energy that we consume worldwide in an entire year.
Production of precursors for specialty polyamides from bio-sourced lipids
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-01) Yapa,Y. M. A. L. W
Synthesis of commodity chemicals and fuels from renewable sources is gaining an increasing attraction due to concerns over depletion of fossil resources as well as the effects on the climate change.
Silica from Rice Husk
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-01) Etampawala,Thusitha
Silica is one of the multipurpose chemical compounds that exist in gel, crystalline and amorphous forms. T he major industries where silica uses are rubber industry especially the tyre manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, printing tonners and so on.
What is KETO?
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-01) Sotheeswaran,S
The word keto is derived from the word ketosis. Ketosis is a normal metabolic process. When the body does not have enough glucose for energy, it burns stored fats instead which results in a build-up of acids called ketones within the body. Some people encourage ketosis by following a diet called the ketogenic or low-carb diet or keto diet.
Food analysis: why and current hows
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-05) Ekanayake,Sagarika
Food analysis is a discipline that deals with the development, application and study of analytical procedures for characterizing the properties of foods and their constituents. These procedures provide information regarding characteristics of foods which include nutrient composition, structure, physicochemical properties, sensory attributes as well as toxicants, allergens, contaminants, bioactive molecules & health benefits.
Natural product driven drug discovery
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-05) Ratnaweera,Pamoda. B
T he success stories reveal that the world’s biodiversity offer human society with various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and research biochemicals. Various methods such as isolation of compounds from plants, microorganisms and other sources; synthetic chemistry, combinatorial chemistry and molecular modeling are being used for obtaining compounds for drug discovery.
Endolichenic Fungi in Sri Lanka; A Treasure Trove for New Bioactive Molecules
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2018-09) Paranagama,Priyani.A
The demand for new and safe bioactive compounds from natural resources is increasing due to emergence of new diseases, development of drug resistance to pathogenic bacteria and development of toxic viruses, etc. This situation has forced researches to explore new natural sources with potent novel bioactive compounds as they continue to deliver a great variety of structural templates for drug discovery and encounter the challenges of the twenty first century.
Creating a Vacuum on Earth
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Tillekaratne,Ashani
T he term “vacuum” is no stranger to humans who live on planet Earth. A vacuum cleaner is not at all strange in the everyday life of most people around the world. Most of us have of course been curious enough to place our palm at the end of the vacuum line and felt the effect of “sucking-in”. For scientists, “vacuum” is a very familiar terminology in the laboratory set up.
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Doping: Facts, Effects and Health Risks
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Weerasinghe,S
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are a group of hormones consisting of the male sex hormone testosterone and its synthetic derivatives. AAS were initially developed in the 1930s as a drug to promote the growth of skeletal muscle and to develop male sexual characteristics, and have been used as a medication to treat conditions such as reproductive system dysfunction, breast cancer, and anaemia. In the 1950s, competitive athletes started using AAS as an ergogenic aid with the intention of promoting the growth of skeletal muscle mass.
Biogeochemical Cycling of Iron in Natural Waters
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Cooray,Asitha
Iron is one of the most important redox active trace metals present in aquatic systems. The redox cycling of iron is closely associated with the biogeochemical cycling of oxygen, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and other trace metals.
Zeolites: The “Magic Stones”
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Rajapakse,C.S.K
Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicates having a microporous crystalline structure. There are 48 different types of zeolites known to occur naturally as minerals and more than 150 zeolite types have been artificially synthesized. The first zeolite, stilbite; a natural mineral was discovered in 1756 by a Swedish mineralogist and a chemist Friedrich Axel Cronstedt.
Paper Based Sensors
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Perera,Hasini.R
Since its inception in the early 21st century, paper based sensors have evolved as good alternative for analytical, bioanalytical and point-of-care testing over traditional analytical instruments because they are easy to use, portable, require small volumes of reagents and samples, provide rapid analysis and are inexpensive and disposable.
Biomimetic Smart Polymer Materials
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Mudiyanselage,Thilini Kuruwita
Five decades ago, polymers were just plastic and rubber that were limited mostly to day to day household applications such as car tyres, slippers, cups, plates, etc. We simply would not able to persist today even a day without using any polymeric material. Whether we accept it or not, the reality is that we live in an era of polymers.
Atomic Force Microscopy: Is It Just an Imaging Technique?
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Rupasinghe ,Thilini.P
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), without any doubt can be named as one of the most sensitive imaging techniques which allows researchers to explore a broad spectrum of materials such as semiconductors, nanocrystals, biological materials, pharmaceuticals, polymers etc.1 In recent years, AFM has demonstrated the ability of generating images with resolutions high enough to visualize sample features measured in fractions of nanometers or “atomic resolution”. AFM uniquely offers unprecedented spatial resolution imaging owing to its high force sensing capability and nanometer scale position accuracy.
Winning Back the Lost Paradise through Chemistry
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Kottegoda,Nilwala
A tiny, yet a mighty island situated in a very strategic position of the silk route along the Indian Ocean served as a busy trade hub exchanging locally produced goods with international traders.
Atomic Force Microscopy: Is It Just an Imaging Technique?
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-01) Rupasinghe, Thilini P
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), without any doubt can be named as one of the most sensitive imaging techniques which allows researchers to explore a broad spectrum of materials such as semiconductors, nanocrystals, biological materials, pharmaceuticals, polymers etc. AFM was first invented in 1986 by Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber to overcome the limitations of its ancestor, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM).
Drug Delivery Systems
(Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 2019-09) Witharana,Chamindri
Nanotechnology is a recent advancement in science, defined as “Science, engineering, and technology conducted at the Nano scale” (National nanotechnology initiatives in USA). Applications of nanotechnology cover a vast range from basic material science, personal care applications, agriculture and medicine. Nanotechnology is used in the field of medicine for treatment, diagnosis, monitoring, genetic engineering and drug delivery.

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